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**Olaudah Equiano Describes the Horrors of a Slave Ship ** **ABOUT THE SOURCE **The Spanish began using African slaves as a  workforce in their American colonies in the early 1500s. English colonists in  North America followed in the early 1600s. A profitable transatlantic slave trade developed. By 1860 Europeans had enslaved more than eleven million [t1]  . The journey across the ocean was horrifying for the captives. Many did not survive the voyage. Slave traders captured Olaudah Equiano when he was eleven years old. He later wrote about his experiences as a captive. Some scholars doubt that Equiano actually made the Middle Passage himself. Still his account provides an important description of the journey. **//As you read //**//note how the crew members treated the Africans. The following // //words may be new to you: //**countenances **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">, **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">windlass **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">, **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">pestilent ** <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast, was the <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">sea, and a slave ship, which was then riding at anchor, and waiting for its <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">cargo. These filled me with astonishment, which was soon converted into <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">terror, when I was carried on board. I was immediately handled, and tossed <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">up to see if I were sound, by some of the crew; and I was now persuaded <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">that I had gotten into a world of bad spirits, and that they were going to kill <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">me. . . When I looked round the ship too, and saw a large furnace of  <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">copper boiling, and a multitude of black people of every description <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">chained together, every one of their **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">countenances **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">expressing dejection <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">and sorrow, I no longer doubted of my fate. . .  <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">I now saw myself deprived of all chance of returning to my native <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">country, or even the least glimpse of hope of gaining the shore, which I  <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">now considered as friendly. . . I was soon put down under the decks, and <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">there I received such a salutation in my nostrils as I had never experienced <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">in my life: so that, with the loathsomeness of the stench, and crying <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">together, I became so sick and low that I was not able to eat, nor had I the <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">least desire to taste any thing. I now wished for the last friend, death, to  <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">relieve me; but soon, to my grief, two of the white men offered me   <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">eatables; and, on my refusing to eat, one of them held me fast by the hands, <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">and laid me across, I think the **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">windlass **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">, and tied my feet, while the other <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">flogged [whipped] me severely. I had never experienced any thing of this <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">kind before, and although not being used to the water, I naturally feared <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">that element the first time I saw it, yet, nevertheless, could I have got over <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">the nettings, I would have jumped over the side, but I could not; and <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">besides, the crew used to watch us very closely who were not chained <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">down to the decks, lest we should leap into the water; and I have seen some <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">of these poor African prisoners most severely cut, for attempting to do so, <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">and hourly whipped for not eating. This indeed was often the case with [t2] <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">. . .  <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">The stench of the hold while we were on the coast was so intolerably <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">loathsome, that it was dangerous to remain there for any time, and some of  <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">us had been permitted to stay on the deck for the fresh air; but now that the <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">whole ship’s cargo were confined together, it became absolutely **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">pestilential **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">. This closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">room to turn himself, almost suffocated us. This produced **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">copious ** <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">perspirations, so that the air soon became unfit for respiration, from a  <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">variety of loathsome smells, and brought on a sickness among the slaves, <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">of which many died—thus falling victims to the improvident **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">avarice **<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">, as I  <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">may call it, of their purchasers. This wretched situation was again <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">aggravated by the galling of the chains, now became insupportable; and the <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">filth of the necessary tubs, into which the children often fell, and were <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">almost suffocated. The shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">rendered the whole a scene of horror almost inconceivable. . . Every <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">circumstance I met with. . . heightened my apprehensions, and my opinion <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">of the cruelty of the whites. . .  <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">One day, when we had a smooth sea and moderate wind, two of my   <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">wearied countrymen who were chained together. . . preferring death to  <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">such a life of misery, somehow made though the nettings and jumped into <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">the sea: immediately, another quite dejected fellow, who, on account of his <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">illness, was suffered to be out of irons, also followed their example; and I  <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">believe many more would very soon have done the same, if they had not <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">been prevented by the ship’s crew, who were instantly alarmed. <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;">Source: //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;">The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, the // //<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;">African, Written by Himself // **<span style="font-family: 'Arial-BoldMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">WHAT DID YOU LEARN? ** <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">1. What did crew members do to Africans who refused to eat? Why do you think they <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">did this?

<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">_

<span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">2. Why did so many Africans on the ship die? <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">_ <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">3. How were the Africans treated? Why do you think they were treated this way? <span style="display: block; font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">__ this man was smart but was a backstaber "i could ppicture him saying i rich snicthes"

[t1] So the African slaves were only used in the Americas and the islands but not Europe its self

[t2] Getting wipped for not eating was stuiped but I can kinda see the white peoples point of view. Becase they want the slaves to survive and not let the food go to waist. But wipping them was going overboasred this didnt change my view becase ive learened history is a lie.